Контрольное задание 1

        I. Прочитайте, перепишите и переведите на русский язык следующие предложения. Определите по грамматическим признакам, какой частью речи являются слова, оформленные окончанием  –S и какую функцию это окончание выполняет, т.е.  служит ли оно:

        1. показателем 3-го лица единственного числа глагола в PresentIndefinite;

        2. признаком множественного числа имени существительного;

        3. показателем притяжательного падежа имени существительного.

(См. образец выполнения 1 в варианте 1)

       1. Great Britain is one of the most densely populated countries of Europe.

       2. Moscow covers an area of about 880 square kilometers.

       3. George Stephenson’s early locomotives were used to carry loads in coal mines.

       4. The Tretyakov Gallery is Russia’s biggest and most important museum of Russian art.

       5. The water of Black Sea contains many chemical substances.

       II. Прочитайте, перепишите следующие предложения и переведите их, обращая внимание на особенности перевода на русский язык оборота  there + be.

       1. There are many good hotels in the town.

       2. There may be a number of ways of solving this problem.

       3. There will be a lot of guests at the party on Sunday.

      III. Прочитайте, перепишите и переведите данные предложения, содержащие разные формы сравнения.

       1. My book is as interesting as yours.

       2. No animal is so long as King Kong.

       3. He drives more cautious than Bob.

       4. Actions speak louder than words.

       5. The earlier we leave, the sooner we will arrive.

       IV. Перепишите и переведите предложения на русский язык, обращая внимание на перевод неопределенных и отрицательных местоимений.

  1. Have you got any questions?

  2. He knew nothing about that accident.

  3. We must buy something for his birthday.

        V. Прочитайте, перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в них глагол-сказуемое и определите его видовременную форму, указав его инфинитив. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 2 в варианте 1)

1. The world sea surrounds the earth and belongs to us all.

   2. My brother has been taking music lessons for three years now.

   3. Ann is going to enter the university.

   4. Have you ever seen the ancient stone carvings?

   5. The main ideas were set forth in the statement which had appeared in the press the day          

            before.

        VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.

 

HISTORY AND FUTURE OF THE INTERNET

      The Internet technology was created by Vinton Cerf in early 1973 as part of a project headed by Robert Kahn and conducted by the Advanced Research Projects Agency, part of the United States Department of De­fence. Later Cerf made many efforts to build and stand­ardise the Internet. In 1984 the technology and the net­work were turned over to the private sector and to gov­ernment scientific agencies for further development. The growth has continued exponentially. Service-provider companies that make «gateways» to the Internet avail­able to home and business users enter the market in ever-increasing numbers. By early 1995, access was available in 180 countries and more than 30 million users used the Internet. The Internet and its technology continue to have a profound effect in promoting the exchange of in­formation, making possible rapid transactions among businesses, and supporting global collaboration among individuals and organizations. More than 100 million computers are connected via the global Internet in 2000, and even more are attached to enterprise internets. The development of the World Wide Web leads to the rapid introduction of new business tools and activities that may lead to annual business transactions on the Internet worth hundreds of billions of dollars.

      All sorts of things are available on the WWW. One can use Internet for recreational purposes. Many TV and radio stations broadcast live on the WWW. Essentially, if something can be put into digital format and stored in a computer, then it's available on the WWW. You can even visit museums, gardens, cities throughout the world, learn foreign languages and meet new friends. And, of course, you can play computer games through WWW, competing with partners from other countries and continents. Just a little bit of exploring the World Wide Web will show you what a lot of use and fun it is.

Контрольное задание 2

      I. Прочитайте и перепишите следующие предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них модальный глагол. Переведите письменно эти предложения на русский язык.

      1. I was so tired that I could sleep for a week.

      2. Children mustn’t play football in the streets.

3. People shouldn’t smoke when there are children around.

4. They may arrive tomorrow or the day after.

5.You ought to hear the way he plays the piano.

      II. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения, подчеркните в каждом из них синоним или эквивалент модального глагола. Определите модальный глагол, синонимом или эквивалентом которого он является. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 1 в варианте 1)

      1. I think she will be able to understand everything.

      2. From what he told me it sounded as if he had to see a doctor as soon as possible.

3. These shoes will have to be repaired.

4. We were to meet at the entrance of the theatre at a quarter to eight.

5. She was allowed to say anything she wanted.

      III. Прочитайте и перепишите приведенные ниже предложения. Подчеркните в каждом из них глагол в Passive Voice, проанализируйте данные глаголы и письменно переведите эти предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 2 в варианте1)

      1. Some of the rice is left plain to enable us to eat it with other dishes.

      2. An area of rain forests the size of Austria is being destroyed every year.

      3. Central heating has just been installed in Julia’s house.

4. The book had been given to me before it appeared on sale.

5. Many new houses will have been built in our street by next year.

      IV. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них глаголы tobe,

tohave. Определите по грамматическим признакам, являются ли указанные глаголы: а) смысловыми;

 б) вспомогательными; в) эквивалентами или синонимами модального глагола (и какого); г) глаголом-связкой.

      1. The most popular was a giant Teddy Bear which was bigger than three girls put together!

      2. In the distance three camels were strolling along side by side.

      3. My grandfather was very clever. He was able to speak five languages.

      4. Everybody is having a good time at this party.

      V. Перепишите предложения с выделенными в них словами и переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на перевод выделенных словосочетаний.

      1. It is an accountant who is responsible for preparing all financial documents.

      2. It is the organization of labour at this enterprise that requires improvement first.

      3. Neither his parents nor he intends to stay here for another week.

      4. They liked both the acting and the music of the play.

      VI. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.

THEATRES IN BRITAIN

      Theatres are much the same in London as anywhere else; the chief theatres, music-halls and cinemas are in the West End.

      If you're staying in London for a few days, you'll have no difficulty whatever in find­ing somewhere to spend an enjoyable evening. You'll find opera, ballet, comedy, drama, review, musical comedy and variety. The best seats at the theatres are those in the stalls, the circle, and the upper circle. Then comes the pit, and last of all the gallery, where the seats are cheapest. Boxes, of course, are the most expensive. Most theatres and music-halls have good orchestras with popular conductors. You ought to make a point of going to the opera at least once during the season, if you can. There you can get the best of eve­rything -  an excellent orchestra, famous conductors, celebrated singers and a well-dressed audience. But, of course, if you're not fond of music and singing, opera won't in­terest you. At the West-End theatres you can see most of the famous English actors and actresses. As a rule, the plays are magnificently staged — costumes, dresses, scenery, everything being done on the most lavish scale. Choose a good play, and you'll enjoy yourself thoroughly from the moment the curtain goes up to the end of the last act. Get your seat beforehand, either at the box-office of the theatre itself or at one of the agen­cies.

Контрольное задание 3

       I. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них инфинитив и определите его форму и функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 1 в варианте 1)

   1. I hope to enter Moscow State University.

   2. He was very sorry to have missed so many lessons just before the exam.

   3. A celebration such as this was a chance not to be missed.

   4. They waited in silence for their dinner to be served.

II. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них причастия I и II, определите их форму и функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

(См. образец выполнения 2 в варианте 1)

   1. Having knocked twice and not having received an answer, they decided that there was nobody in.

   2. Having been kept without water for a long time, the flowers faded.

   3. Not having done the work in time, I had to apologize to them.

   4. The news received yesterday impressed everybody greatly.

 III. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Подчеркните в них герундий, определите его форму и функцию. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

   1. I got interested in the man who was responsible for arranging English parties.

   2. I am looking forward to seeing you again.

   3. I don’t feel like going for a walk.

   4. He was fond of reading adventure books.

    IV. Прочитайте и перепишитеследующие предложения. Переведите данные предложения, обращая внимание на слова-заменители thatи one.

   1. The methods they use are not the ones that lead to success.

   2. I think this show will be more interesting than the last one.

   3. The properties of this material are the same as those of that one.

   4. The quality of the goods sold in the market is lower than that of good produced by our company.

     V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.

 

THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

 

      The United States of America is the 4^th largest coun­try in the world after Russia, Canada and China. It occu­pies the central part of the North American continent.

     The United States of America is a federal republic, consisting of 50 states including the states of Alaska and Hawaii. Outlying areasinclude Puerto Rico, American Samoa, Guam, and the US Virgin Islands.

     The northern boundary is partly formed by the Great Lakes and the St Lawrence River; the southern bound­ary is partly formed by the Rio Grande. United States also has a sea-border with Russia.

     The total area of the United States (including the District of Columbia)is about 9,809,000 sq km.

     The country is washed by 3 oceans: the Arctic, the Atlantic and the Pacific. The country has many lakes, with the Great Lakes included.There are also many rivers on the US territory. The longest of them are the Mis­sissippi, the Missouri, the Columbia, the Rio Grande and some others. On the US territory there are mountains and lowlands. The highest mountains are the Rocky Moun­tains, the Cordillera and the Sierra Nevada. The highest peak,Mount McKinley, is locatedin Alaska.

     The climate conditions are rather different. The coun­try is rich in natural and mineral resources: oil, gas, iron ore, coal and various metals.

     The USA is a highly developed industrial and agricul­tural country. The main industrial branches are aircraft,rocket, automobile, electronics, radio-engineering and others.

Americans are made upfrom nearly all races and na­tions. The country population is over 250 mln. The na­tional symbol of the USA is its national flag «Stars and Stripes»,having 50 white stars and 13 white and red stripes on its field, symbolizingthe number of the origi­nal and present day states.

      Officially the country comprises 50 states and one District of Columbia. The states differ in size, popula­tion and economic development. Each state has its own capital.

Контрольное задание 4

I. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие независимый причастный оборот. Проанализируйте и определите тип придаточного предложения. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык.

   1. With a financial panic everyone wanting his money at the same time, the bank is unable to pay.

   2. We were both standing, she admiring her fan of blotting paper, I staring at her.

   3. Andrew went into the house, his heart beating fast.

   4. She was smoking now, her eyes narrowed thought fully.

   5. It is unhealthy to sleep with the windows shut.

 II. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие предикативный герундиальный оборот. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык.

   1. He was looking forward to her going away.

   2. He insisted on our repeating the experiment.

   3. Everybody was surprised at this question being solved so quickly.

   4. They don’t remember the manager having signed these bills.

   5. We thanked them for their giving us an opportunity to exchange opinions.

III. Перепишите следующие предложения, содержащие инфинитивный оборот. Определите тип инфинитивного оборота. Переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык.

    1. I’m so glad for you to have come at last.

    2. I paused a moment and watched the tram-car stop.

    3. I don’t want him to be punished.

    4. Progressive taxation seems to be the most wide-spread.

    5. He reported the boat to have been seen not far away.

IV. Перепишите следующие условные предложения. Определите тип условного предложения, переведите письменно данные предложения на русский язык.

    1. But for your help, I wouldn’t have been able to finish the work yesterday.

    2. If he trained more he would succeed in setting a record.

    3. We could do it today, if you did not refuse to help us.

    4. Much information can be obtained from bookkeeping records if they are kept well.

    5. But for the importance of this matter, I would have stayed at home.

V. Прочитайте и письменно переведите следующий текст.

TYPES OF SOFTWARE

 

       A computer to complete a job requires more than just the actual equipment or hardware we see and touch. It requires Software- programs for directing the opera­tion of a computer or electronic data.

      Programs usually fall in one of two categories: sys­tem software and applications software.

System softwarecontrols standard internal compu­ter activities. An operating system, for example, is a col­lection of system programs that aid in the operation of a computer regardless of the application software being used. When a computer is first turned on, one of the sys­tems programs is booted or loaded into the computers memory. This software contains information about memory capacity, the model of the processor, the disk drives to be used, and more. Once the system software is loaded, the applications software can be brought in.

      System programs are designed for the specific pieces of hardware. These programs are called drivers and coor­dinate peripheral hardware and computer activities. User needs to install a specific driver in order to activate a pe­ripheral device. For example, if you intend to buy a printer or a scanner you need to worry in advance about the driver program which, though, commonly goes along with your device. By installing the driver you «teach» your mainboard to «understand» the newly attached part.

     Applications software satisfies your specific need. The developers of application software rely mostly on mar­keting research strategies trying to do their best to at­tract more users (buyers) to their software. As the pro­ductivity of the hardware has increased greatly in recent years, the programmers nowadays tend to include as much as possible in one program to make software inter­face look more attractive to the user.               These class of pro­grams is the most numerous and perspective from the marketing point of view.